With women accounting for up to 52% of Sub-Saharan Africa’s agricultural sector, their alienation in decision-making not only greatly impacts gender equality within the continent, but its food systems as well. Despite women’s extensive involvement in Africa’s agribusiness, their political exclusion prevents them from equal participation such as owning land, expanding agricultural processes, and advancing the socio-economic status independently and community -wide. Women’s absence from decision-making also makes them more susceptible to destitute living conditions and food deprivation due to their lack of advocacy and representation against unsustainable development.

The purpose of FDI is to bolster economic and sustainable development, but the desired goals are not always the reality. There are significant risks that host countries face with FDI involvement that could result in a declining movement towards sustainability goals. For example, FDI has the potential to enhance socio-economic inequalities by overpowering local investments, straining foreign exchange reserves and degrading environmental quality.

Introduction The African continent, recently grappling with unprecedented climate challenges, finds itself at the forefront of a global crisis. From devastating droughts to intense cyclones, the impacts have been severe, costing lives and disrupting economies.[1] The United Nations Office for Disaster…

How China lends China is the world’s leading official creditor, with even wealthy nations like the USA owing the state $1.095 trillion (USD); it comes as no surprise that developing countries similarly rely on Chinese credit for modern development projects. Averaging about $159.9 billion…